WiFi - Optimize Your Wireless Network in Five easy Steps

Anybody who has tried to deploy a wireless router has run into the issue of wondering if the network assuredly will work in any place it is intended. Wireless networks are significantly more complex to set up than a wired Ethernet network for the following four reasons:

• Wireless network obviously have no wires development it difficult to conclude where devices, such as laptops, are connected
• Neighboring networks do not stop at the wall boundary in the middle of your properties
• There are a plethora of configuration options for WiFi that most habitancy don't understand
• The WiFi found of the end devices (laptops, iPhones, etc.) have a huge impact on the extensive performance

Setting up a wireless network has basically been a trial and error affair. You set up the network, walk colse to with your laptop, look at the whole of bars in the display, and try to download a few web pages to see if the network works. The question with this approach is that you never assuredly know if you just got your network going "good enough" or if you assuredly achieved the best operation and robustness possible.

Recently, a new, totally free stock named WaveDeploy has become available that will allow you to know that you are getting the most out of your network. WaveDeploy allows you to assuredly see your network's operation on a map of your house. It also helps you see where your neighbors' networks are leaking into your house so you can plan accordingly. So, how does one use WaveDeploy to form out how to configure the network? A simple, but productive 5 step plan is to do the following:

1. Even before turning on your wireless router, guide a "passive" estimate to conclude which other networks are graphic in your house and what channels they are using.
2. Configure your wireless router to use the best channel based on the data measured above
3. Run an "active" estimate using your laptop to see how well the network is delivering data to each location in your home
4. Experiment with the wireless router settings and retest to improve performance
5. Experiment and retest with client settings and retest to maximize performance

Start by downloading and installing WaveDeploy Basic on your wireless laptop. You will need to register to use the application the first time you run it, but it is assuredly free and VeriWave, the company that develops WaveDeploy, does not share your information with any surface parties.

The next step is to draw a map of your house's floor plan (or download and image from Google maps if you are lucky adequate to have a large adequate house!) using a tool such as Microsoft Paint. Do your best to draw the map as much to scale as possible, but perceive that it does not need to be 100% accurate. Spend 15 minutes development the best drawing you can and save it to an image file (bmp, png, or jpeg formats are all fine).

Follow the directions in the help file for running a passive estimate using WaveDeploy Basic. In short, you will start the application, load the floor plan image of your home, and then guide a whole of measurements in separate locations in your home. To make a measurement, click on the location corresponding to where you are standing and WaveDeploy will scan the air and measure which networks are visible, the channel that they are on, and measure the signal power of each network. It takes about seven seconds to make a measurement. Then walk to the next location and repeat. In about 10 minutes, you will have measurements for your whole home.

Stop the estimate and view the results. You will see a list of all networks that your laptop detected in your home drawn on your map. Green means that the network was received strongly; red means that it was detected weakly. Pay single concentration to note which channels were used for signals that were received strongly in the majority of your house. You will want to avoid using these channels for your wireless network.

Now set the channel for your wireless router. Start by checking the manufacturer's information for the router or the configuration of the router to conclude whether you are using the 2.4 Ghz or the 5 Ghz band. More than likely you are in the 2.4 Ghz band where you should assuredly only use channels 1, 6, and 11. Yes, there are other channels in this band, but don't use them as tempting as it may be. It turns out that these other channels overlap so that channel 2 will also interfere with channel 1 and channel 6 resulting in poorer performance. In the 2.4 Ghz band, you are better off sticking to channel s 1, 6, and 11 and configuring your wireless router to transmit on the channel with the least whole of competition.

While we're at it, we would be remiss if we didn't mention the field of security. Professional grade safety has been available for wireless networks and devices for a merge of years now. If supported by all of your devices, your best bet is to use Wpa2, also known as Aes encryption, with Psk or password authentication. The terms are complicated, but it is easy adequate to just select Wpa2 and enter a password. Then configure the client devices to entrance the network using the same safety setting and password. If Wpa2 is not available, then use Wpa or Tkip with Psk. This safety setting is still very good, but not quite as strong as Wpa2. If that doesn't work, you can use no authentication, also known as "open". You may see Wep available, but its use is not recommended. Wep was once concept to be secure, but it was cracked years ago and a whole of tools exist that will now automatically decrypt these messages. Wep is hazardous in that it gives users a very false sense of security. They will think that they are protected when the reality is that a basic hacker could assuredly entrance their data. Note that you must select a safety mechanism that is supported by your laptops and smart phones as well as the wireless router.

You can run other passive estimate at this point, and it will show you the areas where your wireless router's signal can be seen clearly. However, if a second computer is available, it is much better to use it with WaveDeploy to guide an active assessment. In an active assessment, data is transferred in the middle of the two computers to measure the maximum download speed that your network supports at each location in increasing to the signal coverage and interference. Once again, refer to the help files in the application for instructions to configure an active assessment.

It takes a miniature longer to guide an active assessment, but when you are done your efforts will be rewarded with a map called a "HeatWave" of how quickly your wireless network could deliver traffic to your laptop at each location in your home. You may be surprised to learn that the fancy 802.11n router that you just purchased can only deliver a fraction of the promised 300 Mbps performance! Part of this is due to marketing specsmanship; WaveDeploy Basic measures the whole application traffic, such as web pages, that a network can transfer. Marketing numbers for networking devices refer to the raw corporal speed of the network technology without taking into list all of the overhead of the wireless protocols or general network overhead. In practice, one can normally only achieve about half of the advertised operation as a best case once this overhead is taken into account. In a poorly designed or poorly placed wireless router the operation can be much worse.

To that end, begin changing the configurations in the router to see which settings furnish a sizable improvement in performance. For example, one of the biggest gains is often the result of disabling reserve for 802.11b. If all of your laptops are a, g, or n then disable 802.11b reserve and retest. Work your way through each of the options and retake the data to conclude which ones help your operation and which ones do not. Once you are complete with tuning your network, repeat the exercise by changing the settings on your laptop driver or smart phone and retesting.

The whole process may take a merge of hours, but the endeavor is well worth your time. Using the above techniques provides you a means to see where your network reaches, conclude how you fast your network performs by location, view interference from neighboring networks, and optimize your laptops and smart phones for the best possible performance. Applied properly, these five simple steps will make your wireless network fly!

WiFi - Optimize Your Wireless Network in Five easy Steps

How To Do Wireless Networking

An summary of the Computer Network Devices & Components

A Computer network is comprised of distinct devices to share, transmit, and boost the signal, voice and data. Network devices or components are the corporeal parts associated to a network. There is a large whole of the network devices and are increasing daily. The basic network devices are: individual Computers, Server, Hub, Switch, Bridges, Routers, Modems, Printers, Dsl Modems & Routers, Gateways, Network Interface Cards, Cabling & Wireless entrance point. The following is a overview of each of these network devices.

Individual Computers: The personal computer is regularly a desktop computer, a work station or a laptop. The personal computers are most widely used in any club or for personal use. The individual computers are the most coarse types of the microcomputers.

Server: A server is a computer on a network, which process request and is used to share the data and resources among the other computers in a network. A server market all the indispensable information and provides the distinct services like, workstation computer's logon access, internet sharing, print sharing, disk space sharing etc. There are distinct types of servers e.g File and print server, database server, proxy server, Fax server, backup server etc. A database server market all the data and software, which may associated to the determined database and it allows other network devices to entrance and process the database queries. A file server is used to store the data of any user on the network and a print server manages one or more printers in a network. Similarly a network server is a server that manages the network traffic.

Network Interface Card: Network interface cards are attached with the computer or other network devices and are used to provide the connectivity in the middle of the two computers. Each network card is specifically designed for the distinct types of the network like Ethernet, Fddi, Token Ring and Wireless Networks. The Network card operates on the first and second layers of the Osi models i.e corporeal layer and datalink layer specifications. Nic basically defines the corporeal relationship methods and the control signals that provides the timings of the data transfer over the network.

Hubs: Hub is a simplest network device. The function of the hub is broadcasting i.e data is forwarded towards the all ports of a hub, regardless of either the data was intended for the singular systems in the network or not. Computers in a network are associated to a hub with a twisted pair (Cat5) cables. There are two types of the hubs. 1. Active Hubs. 2. Passive Hubs.

Switching Hub: The Switching hub (also called "switch" is the most strengthen shape of the basic hub. In a basic hub all the computers are associated with the hub and the speed of the network is defined by the slowest computer network card connected. For example if you have 10/100 Mbps cards in a network and only one card of 10Mbps speed then the law cannot run faster than the 10 Mbps. Now if you have a switching hub in a network, it will allow all the faster connections in the network to remain at the higher speed and still interact with the 10Mbps system.

Switches: Switch is a brain gismo than hub. Switch is a layer 2 device. Swith provides the same function as a hub or a bridge but it has the strengthen functionality of connecting the two computers together temporarily. Switch contains the switch matrix or switch fabric that can connect and disconnect ports. Unlike hubs, switch only forward or forwards the data to the destined computer and it does not broadcasts the data to all its ports.

Modems: Modems are the devices, which are used to translate the digital data into the analog format and vice versa. It performs the two main functions. Modulation and demodulation. A modulated data can voyage over the approved telephone lines. The modem modulates the signals at the sending end and demodulates at the receiving end. Modems are required for distinct types of the entrance methods such Isdn, Dsl and 56K data modem. Modem can be the internal devices that plug into the expansion slots in a law or can be external devices that plug into the serial or Usb ports. In Laptops, Pcmcia cards are used for this purpose and many new laptops having the built in integrated modems. The specialized devices are designed for use in the systems such as handheld computers. In Isps where the large scaled modems are required, rack-mounted modems are used.

Routers: Routers route the data in the middle of two logically and physically distinct networks. A Router has the ability to conclude the destination address for the data and hence provides the best way for the data to continue its journey. Router gets this ability through its software called routing software. Unlike Switches and Bridges, which use hardware configured Mac address to conclude the destination of the data, router uses logical network address such as Ip address to make the decision in determining the destination of the data.

Gateway: A gateway performs the function of translating the data from one format to other format without changing the data itself. A gateway can be a device, system, software. A computer with two Nic cards can function as a gateway. Router acts as a gateway e.g a router that routes the data from a Ipx network to a Ip network is technically a gateway. The same can be said of translational switch converts from a Ethernet network to a token ring network.

Cables: There are two most coarse types of the cables. 1. 10baseT and 10base2. 10baseT is a four paired cable. 10baseT has added two types 1. Utp (unshielded twisted pair) and 2. Stp (shielded twisted pair. Stp is most accumulate cable covered with the silver coated twisted paper to protect the cable. On the other end Thin 10base2 looks like the copper coaxial cabling that often used to connect Tv sets and Vcr. 10baseT/Cat5 cables are most ordinarily used cables to connect the computers. It has the connector, (like a telephone connector) called Rj45 connector.

Twisted pair cables are ideal for the small, medium or large networks.
My suggestion for using cables for networking is to use 10baset/Cat5 cables

An summary of the Computer Network Devices & Components

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Use a mobile Wireless MiFi Modem to join together Your iPad Or Laptop to a mobile Phone Network

If you have a WiFi enabled iPad or laptop but aren't in a wireless hotspot then a MiFi modem can be used to join together to the cellular/mobile phone network (3G or Hsdpa signal) and generate a wireless broadband hotspot so you can get online. Alternatively you can use a MiFi mobile wireless modem to join together up to 5 WiFi enabled devices to the cellular network which could get you online on your iPod Touch, Sony Psp, Nintendo Dsi, netbook, mobile phone or other WiFi enabled devices all at the same time.

MiFi packages are ready from numerous mobile phone carriers worldwide (such as 3-Mobile MiFi/Vodafone MiFi in the Uk or Verizon/At&T MiFi in the Us) and various plans exist depending on if you want to sign up for a contracted period and pay a set whole per month for a quarterly data discount or pay-as-you-go service. The pay-as-you-go plans may be more standard if you use the assistance from time-to-time as the data is more expensive but you only pay for what you need.

MiFi modems vary in size and shape but generally they're credit card sized and colse to 1cm thick. The MiFi modem is transportable but equally great device that is like a very small mobile phone. Some also have a micro-Sd slot so you can add your own Sd card and use the device as a memory stick also.

How to set up your mobile wireless MiFi modem

The following instructions enumerate to a Huawei E585 3G Wireless MiFi Modem (part of the 3 MiFi holder from the 3-Mobile network victualer in the Uk)but other modems will work in a similar way.

• Get the Sim in the modem by opportunity up the modem and slotting it in the Sim card slot behind the battery.
• You'll need to charge the modem for a long period initially to get it up and running (around 8 hours). You can do this by connecting it to the mains via an adapter plug, or alternatively you can charge by attaching it to a Usb socket if you're using it to join together a laptop or other Usb enabled device.
• Power up the MiFi modem using the on/off switch and give it 90-120 seconds to pick up the mobile/cellular signal.
• The modem's screen contains various icons giving you details of signal compel - all are pretty self explanatory and explained in detail on the instructions that come with the modem
• You then just join together to the usual WiFi signal on your iPad, laptop or other device and enter the login and password details in case,granted by the carrier who you purchased the MiFi and data plan from.

If you struggle to get a strong signal then move colse to as network coverage can vary a lot even in the space of a few metres.

When you pick up a strong 3G or Hsdpa signal you should get decent data speeds enabling you to stream YouTube videos and loaded web pages quickly. The execution is as any fast as you'd get on a smart-phone but not comparable to a high-speed home broadband connection. The signal compel largely depends on the cellular/mobile carrier you select and their coverage in the area you're trying to passage the 3G or Hsdpa network.

Battery life of the Huawei E585 3G Wireless MiFi Modem was generally colse to four hours when powered by the battery in the modem and in continuous use". But standby time is much longer so best to turn the modem off if not in use to forestall the power draining away.

To give you an idea of how far your data discount will go. The 3-Mobile cellular network in the Uk states that 1 Gb of data should approximately allow you to browse the web for 10 hours, plus send 1000 emails, plus download 32 four tiny music tracks, plus download 5 four tiny videos. A lot will depend on what you use if for but straightforward websites such as Google with few images require very tiny data usage and video downloading on YouTube will take much more.

Mobile WiFi Summary

Your mobile wireless MiFi experience will largely depend on the cellular/network coverage in the area that you'll use it and watch out for hidden charges such as using the device abroad. All-in-all though, a MiFi modem is a great way to get online when you're out of range of a WiFi network and don't have a 3G association built into your iPad, laptop or other wireless enabled device. MiFi modems also allow you to generate one association that a whole of other devices can join together to and often the cost of the modem is far less than paying up front for a 3G enabled device.

Use a mobile Wireless MiFi Modem to join together Your iPad Or Laptop to a mobile Phone Network

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How To Tell If person Is Lurking On Your Wireless Home Network

You heard the old saying "were not alone". Well, the same can be said about your Wireless Home Network.

Have you ever wondered if man else is on your network, with out your knowledge, watching every site you visit or stealing catalogue information from your Gmail or bank account?

Sure you probably went to great lengths to implement and get your wireless home network, but any Network security pro will tell you Nothing is bullet proof.

While nothing is bullet proof, being proactive with monitoring can catch the un-wanted guest...off guard.

So what can you do to monitor and identify if man is wondering colse to on your home network?

You can use some uncomplicated tools, when combined, will help you see your Network and give you a view of who's online.

Note: With these tools chances of identifying man on your network increases, but will Not prevent them from gaining access to your Network. Other tools exist than described in this article, but the goal is to show you the distinct type of tools and how to use them.

1 - Firewall Logs - is a good place to start. If you have a Firewall running on your Computer or on your router, look for suspicious performance by scanning the logs for anyone out of the commonplace with inbound and outbound traffic.

One recipe you can use is to look for patterns. For example, if man was scanning your computer to see what ports are open, the logs will show continuous performance from the same Ip Address (an intruder's computer) sending a stream of data to many distinct ports to a single Ip Address or range of Ip Addresses.

Obviously, with a smart hacker, they can do many things to cover their tracks, but one thing is for sure, data must be transmitted to probe your computer, and patterns is one recipe to use for spotting issue on your Network.

2 - Dhcp Logs - if the unwanted guest is not Network savvy, or security on your router is not up to snuff, they may be able to drop in unannounced, by receiving an Ip Address from your wireless Dhcp server.

You can indeed view a list of active addresses by connecting to your router and checking the Dhcp log. For example, on my Linksys router, the log is located in the Wireless Mac Filter tab, where I can see and identify all active hosts on my Network. But this does not certify that these are the only active Pc's on my Network.

Why?

Unfortunately, a more sophisticated hacker can get colse to the need to rely on Dhcp. If they did their homework (you can be sure of that), they probably figured out the range of Ip Addresses in use on your Network, found an unused address in that range and configure their Pc with a static address.

3 - Check Who's Connecting To Your Computer - Now that you identified who the trusted computers are on your network (from the Dhcp logs), you can check who is related to your computer.

To do this, open a command prompt and enter the following command:

netstat -an

where:

a = Displays all connections and listening ports

n = Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form

Netstat is a useful tool that displays network connections (both incoming and outgoing) on computers. This will allow you to see all Ip Addresses that have made a connection to your computer.

Netstat shows you the type of connection (Tcp or Udp), Ip Address and port amount (number after addresses separated by a colon) for both Local (your computer) and Foreign addresses.

To find your Ip Address, just enter ipconfig at the command prompt.

You should be able to indeed spot any addresses (Foreign column) that is outside the Dhcp range on your router and investigate.

You can also see what executable are complex in creating each connection by using the -b switch with the netstat command (netstat -b)

Now this is great for checking connections on your Computer, but what if man is on your Network and not related to your Computer?

4 - Scanning your entire Network - When Computers recap with each other, they do so with ports (as you saw with the netstat command). Some ports that may be familiar to you are 80 (Http), 443 (Ssl). 25 (Smtp), 110 (Pop). For example, when your Computer browses a website, it opens up port 80 and sends the invite out,

To see open ports on a Computer, a tool called Port Scanner can be used that can scan a Network and identify devices by probing for open ports.

Information that can be found is the connection type (Tcp or Udp), type of port and Ip Address.

Many Port Scanners exist, such as advanced Port Scanner (Famatech Software) and can scan a range of Ip Addresses.

By scanning a range of Ip Addresses, you can swiftly see who is on your Wireless Network and what they are doing from the list of open ports.

You can indeed find out the entire range of addresses (including addresses outside the Dhcp scope) your router uses. To do that, connect to your wireless router administration of interface and look for the router subnet mask information.

On a typical Linksys router, the default setting for the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Using a subnet mask calculator you can determine the range of Ip Address that can be used on your Network.

For example, the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 with the Ip address of the router - 192.168.1.1 (Class C) has an Ip address range of 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.254. (Note that Dhcp reserves address 192.168.1.100 through 192.168.1.149 which means all other addresses in that range can be used as static address).

Time To Be Proactive

As you can see some of the methods used above are good for random check ups on your Wireless Home Network.

But just being proactive is not sufficient and using a blend of monitoring, tightening up security and changing your passwords often, among other items, can help from having your identity stolen.

How To Tell If person Is Lurking On Your Wireless Home Network

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Wireless Network Cards For Home and Portable Use

If you're not a techie type person then shopping for wireless network cards is probably going to confuse you. It's true, they do all look alike and when it comes to specifications, most people don't know what they're looking for. The choices are many, so we have to start by whittling down the options, otherwise we'll be going around in circles. Perhaps an obvious place to begin when buying a network card, is figuring what you are prepared pay for. Mind you, if you have never bought a network card before, deciding your budget might be difficult.

There's no need to fret about this though as there are a wide range of wireless network cards to suit all budgets. You should opt for the appropriate adapter depending on the type of computer you have. Own a laptop? Then go for a USB card. Got a desktop machine? Then choose a PCI card. If your laptop has a built in wireless card, you will not need to buy a USB adapter. The easiest way to confirm this is by clicking on Start and checking your network connections. USB wireless adapters are perfect for those with laptops looking for portability.

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The number of Wi-Fi spots is increasing globally which means you can acquire an Internet connection in all manner of places, including libraries, cafes, hotels and restaurants etc. This is perfect for those who can live without their Internet or spend considerable lengths of time on business trips. In the US alone, there are literally thousands of places you can pick up a wireless signal. So when you're out and about with your laptop, turn on the wireless card and if it picks up a signal, you're ready to surf. If you card picks up several different Wi-Fi signals you can select the one with the best signal strength.

Home Internet users can also benefit from a wireless Internet connection. Installing an Internet connection at home with Ethernet cables can be a real hassle when you have more than two PCs. In any case, no one has the time to drill holes and install expensive wires that make the house look untidy. With a wireless connection at home, you need not wait for the Internet to dial and you can be online in a matter of seconds. If you have a notebook, you'll be able to enjoy the advantages of portable Internet access in the garden or anywhere you please (within range that is). Although it's fine to use a wireless USB for desktops, it's much more beneficial to have a PCI adapter installed.

Take into consideration the size of your house, number of rooms and computers you have before buying a PCI adapter. An important specification to consider is data security and ease of installation. For your protection, get a wireless card that offers advanced data encryption for safer surfing. This will also stop your neighbors from jumping in and using your Wi-Fi connection. Follow these guidelines to help you get the right network card for you computer.

Wireless Network Cards For Home and Portable Use

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Computer Network Routers, Hubs, and Switches

As computer networks are working well and we hope, is the most time, the inner workings of the system modules in a transparent way for the average user. The most common components in a computer network, including cable are not "routers", "hubs" and "switch". Many of these modules can be aesthetically similar. Each module typically has Ethernet ports (RJ45, which looks like a large telephone jack) and LED display. However, these forms of workdifferent and it is important to understand the differences.

Modern network hardware is working on the "Open System Interconnection" (OSI) standard. This standard defines how the communication should be implemented in a network. By adhering to this standard, the modules from different vendors to coexist on the same network. Wireless networks (WLAN) and 802.11 standards are an additional element of network systems.

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If a message sent betweencomputers, it is broken into parts. At the base level, the message is reduced to "1" and "0" bits. The next level is a group of bits called a "frame". A frame contains its control information, including target address and error detection. The next level is a group of frames called a "packet". The terms frame and packet are sometimes used interchangeably. If a message is sent on a complex network like the Internet, some of the packets may take a different path, and be recombined at the destination.

Error detection is used with both frames and packets. The most common routine is called "Cyclic Redundancy Check" (CRC). CRC sums of all the "1"s in the frame or packet. This number is stored as a hexadecimal value at the end of the frame/packet.   At the receiving end, the process is repeated. If the two hexadecimal values agree, the test passes. If not, the receiving device requests that the sending device resend. Most of this functionality is performed by integrated circuits (chips) inside the network modules.

The Hub

The network hub operates on the first layer of the OSI standard, called the "physical layer". The hub is the most simple of the three modules. A hub is not aware of the contents of the message that is processed; it handles the message as bits. It simply records the signal, and rebroadcast it to all, including back to the port that sent the message. An "active" hub will clean the electrical signal of noise and amplify the signal before rebroadcast. A "passive" hub does not amplify the received signal; it merely receives a signal, and rebroadcast the signal as received to each port. Hubs are sometimes used to link multiple computers with a printer.

The Network Switch

The network switch operates on the second layer of the OSI standard, called the "data link layer". The network switch, as indicated by its name, switches signal paths, so that a message frame goes to a specific destination. A switch will improve a networks performance, especially on networks with many computers. A switch has enough on-board intelligence to remember the path to each destination. The network switch handles a message in frames. 

When you connect a computer to a network switch, the switch will record the Media Access Control or "MAC" address of the computer's network interface card (NIC). This is called address protocol, or "ARP". When a frame is received intended for a specific computer, the switch sends the frame only to that computer. By preventing paths of the network from being utilized by every frame, network resources are conserved. Computer A can send a frame to computer B, while simultaneously, computer C is sending a frame to computer D.

The Network Router

The network router operates on the third layer of the OSI standard, called the "network layer". A router's name is also indicative of its role. Routers have some of the same capabilities as switches, but routers are most often used to connect two or more networks. For example, a router could be used to connect a wireless network with a conventional local area network (LAN). Another common use is to connect a LAN with the Internet (a "wide-area network", or "WAN"). In this role, the router uses "Network Address Translation" (NAT) so that all of the computers attached to the LAN can share a single IP address. A network router handles the message in packets. A router uses the IP addresses in the packets to route them between multiple networks.

A personal computer can be configured to handle the function of a router if it is equipped with router software and two or more network interface cards (NIC). A separate NIC is needed for each network.

A router is capable of advanced functions, including serving as DHCP (domain host control protocol) server and Firewall. A Firewall protects computers from potential hazards from the other computers outside the network. Linking multiple networks often requires the conversion of protocols. 

A router is an extremely diverse classification. Routers may provide connectivity inside offices, between different locations, and between businesses and the Internet. The largest routers connect Internet service providers, are used in very large business networks, or connect a business with a satellite link to a distant corporate locale. Advanced routers are powerful computers, complete with microprocessors. Very sophisticated routers are used by the Internet to manage the network traffic most efficiently. 

A router maintains a table called "routing information base" (RIB) that tracks information about the available routes. The RIB can be static (manually determined by a network administrator) or dynamic (continually updated based on changing conditions). A RIB is simple on a small LAN, but can be extremely complex in the very large routers used on the Internet.

Summary

There are more types of network modules than the three discussed here, and there can be significant overlap in roles. For example, an "intelligent hub" can have many of the characteristics of a network switch. Wireless networks (WAN) have much in common with their conventional LAN cousins, but additional protocol is added for the special security and interference concerns specific to wireless networks. Multiple roles may be combined into a single assembly. Network routers sometimes have subassemblies that function as network switches.  

Computer Network Routers, Hubs, and Switches

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SBG6580 cable modem - Four in a single device for wireless broadband network

Wireless networks have become very popular in businesses and homes. The beauty of all wireless networks is the lack of wires - no cables, no problem to run the network cable. Users on the network at home with a lack of knowledge can now easily a wireless network at home with all-in-one SBG6580 cable modem router.

Basically, if you create a wireless network to share your internet connection via broadband cablemultiple computers at home safely, you need three units. First, you need a cable modem. A modem is designed to covert the analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa. Secondly, you need a router with firewall function. A router (with firewall function) is used to protect your home network against all types of Internet threats. In addition, a firewall with NAT function is used to share a single Internet connection with multiple computers on the network. And, finally,You need a wireless access point wirelessly extend the network.

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The construction of a wireless network with three devices most home users, the lack of networking capability is going to seem complicated. Fortunately, technological innovation has made life easier. Motorola ships a compact device - All-in-one that all requirements for the construction of the wireless network at home without any connection problems SBG6580 cable modem router.

What does this product

surfingSBG6580 is the sharing of a fully integrated, all-in-one cable-modem-router, a device for wireless home networking solution for connecting cable to the Internet. Not only that, with a wireless network at home is possible share documents, the common multifunction printer (with wireless print server), play games and make Internet phone calls.

Cable modems feature

SBG6580 is DOCSIS 3.0 / Euro-DOCSIS cable modem connection allows up to 8 channel 3.oDownstream and 4 upstream channels - an operator of their customers advanced multimedia services, capable of data transfer speeds of well over 300 Mbps and 400 Mbps in DOCSIS Euro-DOCSIS in the receive (downstream) data stream, and more than 100 sending Mbps (upstream) data flow. This is the first requirement for the network.

Firewall & Router function

SBG6580 cable modem router supports NAT firewall feature, the network IP address can be translated, it means thata single Internet connection with multiple computers share the network behind the firewall. The modem also supports Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) feature to filter incoming traffic to protect the network against Internet threats such as DoS attacks (Denial of Services) attacks and malware. The modem also supports the function of routing paths, and static and dynamic routing (RIPv1 and RIPv2). This is the second requirement for the network.

Wireless accessPoint

SBG6580 Wireless Cable Modem Router Wireless Access Point features the latest 802.11n wireless technology with two selectable frequency bands (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz) and operated with an internal 2 x 2 antenna array, allowing users to maximize the potential high bandwidth of its business or private networks. Addition of wireless access, users can also use the included 4 Gigabit Ethernet ports for high-speed cable to theComputer. This is her third claim for the wireless network at home.

The modem also provides the DHCP service, the service is very essential for networking. With the DHCP service, all-IP configurations of all the computers on the network will be done automatically - reducing administrative overhead.

Unlike wired connection wireless connection is vulnerable to interception by users within the network coverage. Therefore, the SBG6580 supports a wide range of security, including WEP-64/128, WPA-PSK, WPA, WPA2, TKIP, AES, 802.1x, 802.11i (pre-authentication). Secure client to connect to the network, the device supports user-friendly for the Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) WPS-compatible device easily

The modem also supports VPN, in order to create secure tunnels over your home network via the public network (also known as the Internet). Users can travel on a private network through theInternet> from around the world safe with L2TP.

The SBG6580 includes an improved tuner that allows up to a 1-GHz downstream users input to the frequency spectrum for the use of new high quality services such as bandwidth, on-demand business services, interactive gaming and IPTV, to increase to their customers.

With Ki Grinsing

SBG6580 cable modem - Four in a single device for wireless broadband network

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Find your MAC address in wired and wireless network cards

The answer to the question of media access control

In recent weeks I have received several e-mails on wired and wireless Ethernet cards, more specifically, about Media Access Control (MAC). I think the main reason why I received so many questions about Ethernet cards, and MAC addresses is people trying to protect their wireless networks and their desire, MAC address filtering. This type of filtering in wirelessNetworks can be configured to allow or reject the use of a computer or some gain based on the wireless network to be the MAC address.

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My first thought was to write an article on its own MAC address, and wireless Ethernet. After a little 'thought, I decided to look into this and go over some specific information about Ethernet cards and communication.

To find different ways, your MAC address, and much more

There are several ways of finding your Ethernet andCommunication protocol information. Many Ethernet card manufacturer's have proprietary software that can reveal this information, but work differently depending on the manufacturer. So we are Windows 2000 and XP utility "ipconfig" since this in most Windows operating systems.

First go to "Start" -> "Run" and type "cmd" without the quotes. Then press the Enter key. On the command line "ipconfig / all", again without the quotes. In fact, justWithout entering ipconfig / all work but only give information about the network adapters shortened. An example of what can be seen in "ipconfig / all" command is below each item commented in green text:

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There are several ways of finding your Ethernet and communications protocol information. Many Ethernet card manufacturer's have proprietary software that can reveal thisInformation, but they work differently, depending on the manufacturer. So we are Windows 2000 and XP utility "ipconfig" since this in most Windows operating systems.

First go to "Start" -> "Run" and type "cmd" without the quotes. Then press the Enter key. On the command line "ipconfig / all", again without the quotes. In fact, only the command ipconfig / all the work without, but will be only brief information about the networkCards. An example of what using the "ipconfig / all" command to see:

Output of "ipconfig / all" command

Windows IP Configuration

Host Name. . . . . . . . . . . . : Home Computer

This is the name of the computer, typically defined during the installation of Windows. However, it can be changed after installation.

Primary DNS Suffix. . . . . . . : Domain.com

If your computer takes a network, such as a Microsoft Windows domain thisArticles may contain the name of the domain.

Node Type. . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown

The node type can say Unknown, or peer-to-peer, or in some cases "hybrid". It 'an attitude that has to do with the Windows Internet Naming Services in some types of Windows domain networks.

IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

This setting determines whether Windows XP or 2000 as a function of IP routers. If you have two or more network adapters, you can configure the system to perform the installation act as a router, forwarding communications requests from one network to another. Windows 2000 can be configured to do so in a fairly simple, Windows XP, a registry change required.

WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

WINS Proxy is another setting which is to "Node Type" we discussed related. Normally not a setting you want in a home or small office or newer types of Microsoft Windows domains.

Ethernet Adapter> Wireless Network Connection 2:

If you have multiple Ethernet (network) cards in the system, as I do in this laptop, you have several offers. This seems to be the second Ethernet card, a wireless Ethernet card inside.

Description. . . . . . . . . . . Broadcom 802.11b / g WLAN

This is the description of the Ethernet card, usually the name / manufacturer and type of Ethernet card. In this case, Broadcom wireless Ethernet card installedin my laptop.

Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : From 00 to 90-4B-F1-6E-4A

And here we have the MAC address. The MAC address is a 48-bit hexadecimal code and is likely to be a unique address. It is 48 bits because each number or letter in hexadecimal represents 8 bits. Hexadecimal numbers in the range from 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F. There are six alpha-numeric codes so 6 * 8 = 48 (bits). The first 3 codes identify the manufacturer of the card and the remaining codes are used tocreate a unique number. Theoretically, it should never had a card with the same MAC address of your local network. However, there are some exceptions. There are software tools that you can modify this code. In fact, this is a step some hackers take to attack other systems on a local network. I say local network because MAC addresses are not routable between network segments. By spoofing this address, you can spend another computer on the network. Traffic was tied forHackers target machine can be redirected. This is the address that is used to map a MAC address or physical address to populate the table if it helps configuring wireless access points MAC address filtering.

DHCP enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes

DHCP or Dynamic Host Control Protocol, if enabled means the computer's IP address from a DHCP server on the network made available. The DHCP server can be a wireless access point, cable / DSLRouter, cable modem or a network server. Even if a DHCP server is enabled on the network, the computer's operating system will automatically generate a random IP address within a certain predefined interval. This means you could network a group of systems together without the IP settings manually.

IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.117

This parameter allows your current IP address. The address above is a so-called "private"Address. There are several classes of IP addresses that the abolition of set-up for private use. What this means for your internal network or a private home or office. These addresses are not, or not be reachable on the Internet. The ways of the Internet are "valid" IP addresses. Cable / DSL router or cable modem has an IP address assigned to its interface "external" network. The external interface may be the phone line or cable.

Subnet Mask. . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

The subnet mask is a special number, or in a sense, the filter, which breaks down your IP address, in this case the private IP address, in some groups. IP addresses and subnet mask can be a complicated matter and would require an entire article to, to go further.

Default Gateway. . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.254

The default gateway IP addresses mentioned above, the IP address of the device that will route your request, for example, if you tryBrowsing a website with the Internet. It 'a bit' more complex than that, however, as a gateway or router that can forward traffic to different networks, even other private networks. At home or small office, this gateway most likely is your cable modem / DSL or a router.

DHCP server. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.49

The DHCP server, remember, we talked a little 'before, is the device that assigns your computer an IP address and other information. DHCP server canhave all kinds of information such as default gateway, domain name server (DNS), IP address, Subnet Mask, Time Server, and more.

DNS servers. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.49, 64.105.197.58

The DNS servers are internal or external domain name server (fully qualified), as http://www.defendingthenet.com, resolve IP addresses. This is because computers do not actually transmit your requests using the domain name, using the IP address assignedFQDN. For most home or office is the primary DNS server IP address from cable / DSL router. Your cable / DSL router to query an external DNS server on the Internet to the real resolution of the FQDN to run the IP address. The address 192.168.0.49 is an internal private device on my network, whereas the 64.105.197.58 is an external public Internet DNS server and is currently just in case my router has problems of implementation of tasks DNS resolution.

LeasingReceived. . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, March 19, 2006 18:38:16

This information tells you if your computer get the IP address and other information from a DHCP server. You will notice that says "get the lease", that is, because most of the DHCP servers only lease the IP address you from a pool of address space available. For example, the pool is 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.50. So the DHCP server has more than 50 IP addresses, choose when assigning your computer its IPAddress.

Lease Expires. . . . . . . . . . WEDNESDAY, March 29, 2006 21:38:16

If the IP address assigned by the DHCP server expires, lease, try to rent the same or a different IP address. This function can be modified in the rule to the DHCP server. For example, on some fully functional DHCP servers, you can never be the lease expires, or within one day of rest and so on.

Why are the MAC address is so important and how they work

To return to theMAC address for just a little '. You might think that the IP addresses the most important thing when it comes to network communication. The reality is that MAC addresses are very important, because without them computers would not be able to communicate over Ethernet networks. If a computer wants to talk to another computer on a local network, you will make a broadcast request or a question of who a particular IP address. For example, you can tell the computer: "Who is 192.168.0.254". With 'above information is my default gateway 192.168.0.254 and answer "I am" 00-90-4B-F1-6E-4A "192.168.0.254". It sends its MAC address. The MAC address is then placed in a so-called Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table on your computer. You can view this information by going to the command prompt like you did above and typing "arp-a" to be seen. You will receive information, such as the following:

Internet Address Physical Address Type

192.168.0.49 00-12-17-5c-a2-27dynamic

192.168.0.109 00-12-17-5c-a2-27 dynamic

192.168.0.112 00-0c-76-b2 dynamic 93-94

192.168.0.254 00-0E-2E-2E 15-61 dynamic

How can a hacker attack on a MAC address

You'll notice the IP addresses and MAC addresses of their rights. Without this information, without the MAC address, it would not be reading this article right now. MAC addresses are not routable, such as IP addresses. They are working on a local network or private. However appliances ofthe same activities on the Internet. routers and switches keep a list of their MAC address of devices like computers and devices in your home or office network. I already said that MAC addresses can be modified to redirect requests. For example, when I was on the corporate network and you have an internal Web server that took personal information as input, say, the computer will go on my laptop to the website by sending my MAC address to the limitReal-time Web server's IP address. I want to do this if your computer is the question "Who is the" Real Web Server "." Could I install web server looks like a fake, just like in real life, and collect information that would normally collect real web server. You can see how dangerous it can be.

Completion

There are other simple ways you can find your MAC address, but can be a bit 'confusing if you have more than one internal network card. Most external USB or PCMCIA CableWireless and Ethernet cards have their MAC address printed on it. In cases where the wired or wireless network card in your computer, such as in laptops, the MAC address, sometimes printed on the bottom of the laptop. Even Desktop systems cards that are PCI slots, the MAC address of Ethernet card is printed.

You may reprint or publish this article free of charge, as long as the bylines are included.

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Find your MAC address in wired and wireless network cards

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A step-by-step instructions for creating a wireless network

Wireless networks are becoming increasingly popular as days go by. They are easy to install and convenient to use when it comes to surfing the World Wide Web from any room in the house is. This is why wireless networks are attractive for Internet users. It 'pretty easy to set up a wireless network, but you have some simple things to know before starting the installation. For a better understanding of wireless networks, you canRead on protocols for wireless networks.

To configure the wireless network, you should have a broadband connection, or online will need a DSL or cable. It typically includes the installation at home on a regular desktop computer that is connected directly to a modem. If you read this, we can assume that you already own a laptop, you want to wirelessly to a computer with an Internet connection to connect. You need some hardware to do this, asAs a wireless router, USB wireless network adapter for desktop computers and a PC Card-based network card for laptops. Of course it would be desirable for the provider as any additional hardware, you decide to buy. Consult the documentation that came with the hardware for each of the installation process.

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After installing the necessary hardware, you can start with the installation. First of all you must disable or disconnect the DSL modemBefore connecting the modem wireless router to the modem. If you need help, just check the hardware documentation. Born after this, the computer is connected wirelessly to the router. Next you need to configure your wireless router. You can configure Internet Explorer to access the router's configuration page.

Most default settings are safe to be left alone, but there are some things you will need to configure. Havechoose a one-of-a-kind name or SSID of the wireless network, which is also the name of the network. Make sure that no one in your area is to use the same name. So if the router takes a one-of-a-kind access code, which is used to generate multiple keys. The last thing we should do before the end of the configuration of the router, set an administrator password. Choose a password is long and difficult to guess for security reasons. Be sure toconfigured to save each setting. Actual steps involved with setting the configuration can vary depending on your router.

Then, configure the network card on a laptop. It 'quite simple, the instructions on the screen on Windows XP follow when it comes to this. Wireless network icon in the taskbar with the right mouse button and select "View Available Wireless Networks" appears after the menu. The Wireless Network Connections window displays. Here,You should list your name for the wireless network. Click on "Refresh network list" if the network is not shown. You will be asked to confirm a key, as you were in the boxes key to enter the Network key written. Select Connect. Then you see the progress of the connection, how it is connected to the network. Once connected, feel free to close this window. The wireless connection is now established.

A step-by-step instructions for creating a wireless network

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Wireless USB Adapter - a perfect choice for wireless network adapter

In relation to the computer with a wireless network, there are many possibilities of wireless network cards that you can, including the wireless USB adapter, wireless network card PCI or CardBus adapters (for laptops). Well, if you decide to come - what kind of adapter you choose? My recommendation is USB, why?

There are many reasons why you should opt for the wireless USB adapter> Wi-Fi. If you have more than one computer in your home or office, that should connect with the wireless network environment for the management, you might choose USB adapter has many advantages.

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Easy to install

The first advantage you can get to use the wireless USB adapter is a simple installation. The installation of the USB is relatively much simpler than PCI cards. With PCI, you must open your computer to install it;By inserting the adapter into an available PCI slot on your computer. For some people who have connected to an effort to open the computer case USB adapter would be the perfect choice. In addition, one computer engineer-open the PC case for basic maintenance. With the USB adapter, you can easily install and add the adapter to your computer desktop or laptop with USB-enabled computer without opening the case.

Troubleshooting

USBWireless adapter, you can simply remove the adapter from the computer and install it on another computer or laptop to troubleshoot basic problems. In a network environment, there comes a time to make the network connection problem to solve on a computer. The easiest way to determine if the card is broken by the exchange with the work on the computer evidence - again without the need to open the PC case. Exchange components of the computer toSolving basic problems is the easiest way to justify that the component is still running or not. Unlike a USB adapter enables PCI adapter can only use the desktop computers with PCI slots work. Similarly with the bus adapter card, you can only install on your notebook or laptop USB wireless adapters are versatile;. You can install it on both desktops and notebooks. This will help the network connectionProblem.

Compatible with Next-Gen USB 3.0

Digital technology is changing very fast. In 2007, Intel demonstrated SuperSpeed ​​USB (aka USB 3.0) to the Intel Developer Forum. USB 3.0 is the next generation of Universal Serial Bus greatly simplify the connection between the host computer and peripherals. Until this year, 2010, USB 2.0, has been established as the de facto standard interface in the roots of the PC world. In subsequent years, thenext generation of computers will be integrated with this new generation of USB 3.0. One of the most promising of USB 3.0, the next higher transmission rates up to 4.8 Gbps, is compatible with USB 2.0 wireless adapter, you commit to date now.

What Wireless USB Adapter

In considering the purchase of USB-WLAN-USB, you need the latest version is available on the market today. Select the tab that supports the next generation of wireless technology standard Wireless-N (802.11n draft 2.0) Wireless-N is the future of wireless technology available today to try .. You have no compatibility with legacy wireless b / g devices, in particular the Wireless-N devices, compatible with 802.11b / g (Wi-Fi Certified label) are concerned.

If yourEnvironment> Wireless supports both dual-band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, it would be much better if the USB adapter, dual-band support. The wireless USB adapter is the best choice in all cases? Off course not in a situation where computers are located in the public domain and are accessible by public users, use the wireless USB adapter is vulnerable to theft. USB Adapter is easy to move without notice.Therefore, the PCI wireless adapter is the best choice would be.

Wireless USB Adapter - a perfect choice for wireless network adapter

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