An summary of the Computer Network Devices & Components

A Computer network is comprised of distinct devices to share, transmit, and boost the signal, voice and data. Network devices or components are the corporeal parts associated to a network. There is a large whole of the network devices and are increasing daily. The basic network devices are: individual Computers, Server, Hub, Switch, Bridges, Routers, Modems, Printers, Dsl Modems & Routers, Gateways, Network Interface Cards, Cabling & Wireless entrance point. The following is a overview of each of these network devices.

Individual Computers: The personal computer is regularly a desktop computer, a work station or a laptop. The personal computers are most widely used in any club or for personal use. The individual computers are the most coarse types of the microcomputers.

Server: A server is a computer on a network, which process request and is used to share the data and resources among the other computers in a network. A server market all the indispensable information and provides the distinct services like, workstation computer's logon access, internet sharing, print sharing, disk space sharing etc. There are distinct types of servers e.g File and print server, database server, proxy server, Fax server, backup server etc. A database server market all the data and software, which may associated to the determined database and it allows other network devices to entrance and process the database queries. A file server is used to store the data of any user on the network and a print server manages one or more printers in a network. Similarly a network server is a server that manages the network traffic.

Network Interface Card: Network interface cards are attached with the computer or other network devices and are used to provide the connectivity in the middle of the two computers. Each network card is specifically designed for the distinct types of the network like Ethernet, Fddi, Token Ring and Wireless Networks. The Network card operates on the first and second layers of the Osi models i.e corporeal layer and datalink layer specifications. Nic basically defines the corporeal relationship methods and the control signals that provides the timings of the data transfer over the network.

Hubs: Hub is a simplest network device. The function of the hub is broadcasting i.e data is forwarded towards the all ports of a hub, regardless of either the data was intended for the singular systems in the network or not. Computers in a network are associated to a hub with a twisted pair (Cat5) cables. There are two types of the hubs. 1. Active Hubs. 2. Passive Hubs.

Switching Hub: The Switching hub (also called "switch" is the most strengthen shape of the basic hub. In a basic hub all the computers are associated with the hub and the speed of the network is defined by the slowest computer network card connected. For example if you have 10/100 Mbps cards in a network and only one card of 10Mbps speed then the law cannot run faster than the 10 Mbps. Now if you have a switching hub in a network, it will allow all the faster connections in the network to remain at the higher speed and still interact with the 10Mbps system.

Switches: Switch is a brain gismo than hub. Switch is a layer 2 device. Swith provides the same function as a hub or a bridge but it has the strengthen functionality of connecting the two computers together temporarily. Switch contains the switch matrix or switch fabric that can connect and disconnect ports. Unlike hubs, switch only forward or forwards the data to the destined computer and it does not broadcasts the data to all its ports.

Modems: Modems are the devices, which are used to translate the digital data into the analog format and vice versa. It performs the two main functions. Modulation and demodulation. A modulated data can voyage over the approved telephone lines. The modem modulates the signals at the sending end and demodulates at the receiving end. Modems are required for distinct types of the entrance methods such Isdn, Dsl and 56K data modem. Modem can be the internal devices that plug into the expansion slots in a law or can be external devices that plug into the serial or Usb ports. In Laptops, Pcmcia cards are used for this purpose and many new laptops having the built in integrated modems. The specialized devices are designed for use in the systems such as handheld computers. In Isps where the large scaled modems are required, rack-mounted modems are used.

Routers: Routers route the data in the middle of two logically and physically distinct networks. A Router has the ability to conclude the destination address for the data and hence provides the best way for the data to continue its journey. Router gets this ability through its software called routing software. Unlike Switches and Bridges, which use hardware configured Mac address to conclude the destination of the data, router uses logical network address such as Ip address to make the decision in determining the destination of the data.

Gateway: A gateway performs the function of translating the data from one format to other format without changing the data itself. A gateway can be a device, system, software. A computer with two Nic cards can function as a gateway. Router acts as a gateway e.g a router that routes the data from a Ipx network to a Ip network is technically a gateway. The same can be said of translational switch converts from a Ethernet network to a token ring network.

Cables: There are two most coarse types of the cables. 1. 10baseT and 10base2. 10baseT is a four paired cable. 10baseT has added two types 1. Utp (unshielded twisted pair) and 2. Stp (shielded twisted pair. Stp is most accumulate cable covered with the silver coated twisted paper to protect the cable. On the other end Thin 10base2 looks like the copper coaxial cabling that often used to connect Tv sets and Vcr. 10baseT/Cat5 cables are most ordinarily used cables to connect the computers. It has the connector, (like a telephone connector) called Rj45 connector.

Twisted pair cables are ideal for the small, medium or large networks.
My suggestion for using cables for networking is to use 10baset/Cat5 cables

An summary of the Computer Network Devices & Components

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Computer Suggestions For Your Internet business Training program - Live Events

If you've purchased or are mental about purchasing an Internet business Training agenda and it involves a live event, you might want to think about a laptop at this point. While desktop computers have long been known as superior machines, laptops have come a long way. Even if you pick to run your actual business from a desktop location, you should invest in a laptop at least for the purposes of attending an event. If you have joined a good training program, it will feature a live event with a Wi-Fi location as it's venue.

This will give you the occasion to learn the things that are web based if you got stuck on them in your pre-training program. For instance, if you were having a qoute with Ftp, you could be walked through the explication hands-on at the event if you have your own laptop. Your instructors or classmates will be there to help you. If you are in a position to buy one, that is obviously an option, but if you are on a shoestring, you can rent one as well. A laptop rental runs about .00- .00 per week, so if you were just renting it for the purpose of an event in the middle of 1 and 5 days, it's a pretty affordable venture. The specs on this laptop should contain a few things.

Your computer should conform to Microsoft's Windows Xp or Vista specifications. It should also have a wireless adapter connection so you can join together to the Wi-Fi and internet for example. You should also think a Usb flash drive of no less than 1Gb in size to store any foremost data.

If you invest in a laptop, even if it's just a rental for the event, your chances of retaining data are increased ten fold due to the hands-on custom you will get. If you can invest in owning your own laptop, that's even better as this will allow you to work everywhere that you can entrance a wireless Internet connection. After all, the presuppose you got into this Internet business thing was freedom, wasn't it?

Computer Suggestions For Your Internet business Training program - Live Events

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Samsung Sch-U740 relate - A relate of the Samsung Sch-U740 movable Phone

The Samsung Sch-U740 is a very dynamic mobile phone with a whole of important strengths. The phone's 2 Gb external memory gives it storehouse capacity - while the cell phone's 262K Tft internal color display produces sharp pictures at 176 by 220 pixels. The external display, which is 65k Cstn, has a resolution of 96 by 96 pixels. The phone's built-in Vga 1.3 megapixel camera incorporates 10x digital zoom, Led flash, and a whole of photo effects options.

The digital music player interfaces with Mp3, Midi, Acc and Acc+ files. The phone is capable of using both poly ringtones and Mp3s as alerts or ringtones. At 3.84" high, 2.04" wide and 0.58" thick, the phone is very conveyable and favorably sized.

The Samsung Sch-U740's innovative dual hinge invent gives the phone greater versatility and its full Qwerty keyboard allows the user to text easily. Music controls on the outer panel give the user a comfortable media interface without fumbling or complication. When the phone is opened lengthwise, the display automatically shifts to landscape mode.

The phone's many features contain full Sms/Ems/Mms and instant messaging aid - together with email, cell broadcast and optional vCard/vCalendar. Internet browsing is supported through MobileWeb 2.0, and the phone is wireless synch capable. The Samsung U740 also interfaces with Usb modules.

The phone operates on the Cdma 1x 800/1900Mhz Digital Only Evdo band. Users can talk for up to 210 minutes, and the phone can stand by for up to 200 hours. The phone features video streaming, playing, recording and messaging, as well as a wide array of Personal data supervision devices.

The Samsung Sch-U740 is a creative take on the contemporary multimedia cellular phone. The phone's well-rounded highlight set is sure to be favorite with all up-to-date cell phone users.

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How to convert a Desktop Computer to WiFi

WiFi or wireless fidelity relationship makes internet relationship a lot more convenient. In this way, you can connect more computer to a wireless relationship to anywhere in the house. The process is fairly easy as long as you have the right tools to use.

You need to make your desktop computer wireless ready first. While you can connect to a wireless router using an Ethernet cable, it is still great to connect using wireless signals as this is as a matter of fact the whole point of the process.

Unfortunately, most Desktop Pcs are not yet wireless ready. If your computer belongs to them, you can buy wireless card and setup it in your mum board the same way you will setup a memory card.

The next thing you need to do is to buy a competent wireless router. This ordinarily costs less than a hundred dollars for a decent brand. Once you have these ready, do the following steps:

Step 1: Place your router on an area where it can send signal to every part of the house easily. This should be next to your Dsl or wireless internet adapter. If you are using Dsl, you can remove the Ethernet relationship that connects the modem to your desktop. connect one end to the modem and the other end at the back port of the router.

Step 2: Now that your desktop is wireless ready, it should be able to pick up signals once you turn on the computer, router and modem. Turn the modem first and then the router and then your computer. Allow the router and modem to process the relationship first.

Step 3: Do some configurations to your wifi connection. Log on to the Ip address of your router settings, input password and username and then change Ssid settings and password settings to make it more secure. Now that you have wireless connection, other computers can enter your local area connection.

Step 4: Save the changes you made and then click log off router settings. You can connect as many computers as you can. As long as it is wireless ready, it will already pick up signal. Just input the router password to the other computers and you should be able to connect to the computer.

Just follow these steps in converting your desktop Pc into a computer that is wireless ready. Be able to contact the benefits of connecting and communicating with other computers without the cumbersome and restricting cables and wires.

How to convert a Desktop Computer to WiFi

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How to Install a Wireless Modem in a Desktop Computer

For a more convenient way of connecting on the internet, wireless modem is a good addition to your growing technological gadgets. You can connect this to your desktop and relocate your desktop anywhere in the house without worrying about LAN connections. Also, this provides easier networking when you have multiple computers at home. You can dispense with the wirings that can be cumbersome when you have kids at home.

First of all, you need to find a good modem brand. There are a lot of reliable brands out there and you can have a myriad of choices. The more features, the more expensive. A good entry-level modem is already enough choice for home use. This already has security functions in addition to easy networking and connecting to other computers.

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Your desktop should also be wireless ready. That means it has to have wireless card installed in it. Otherwise, you will have to connect it to the modem using LAN cable still but that totally defeats the purpose, doesn't it? The newer brands of desktops already have built-in wireless cards.

Step 1: If you do not have one installed yet, install wireless adapter network. Afterwards, you need to attach the wireless antenna to the modem. This usually comes with the package when you buy the modem.

Step 2: It also comes with a wireless USB modem. Connect this to the USB port of your computer and then connect that power adapter to the power slot of the modem you are using.

Step 3: If the USB modem lights up, this means it is already picking internet signals. You should configure the settings now. For configuration settings, closely refer to the manual that comes with the package. You can log in on the official website of the brand of modem you are using. They have also provided the details such as username and password so key this to enter the site. If there are no username or password indicated, try the default ones like "admin" but if it still does not work, contact their customer service.

Step 4: There are a few Internet connection types for you to choose from but choose Dynamic IP address setting as this already immediately connects to the ISP server and get IP address from there. Key in the details asked by the computer such as Static IP address, IP address, Subnet Mask, ISP gateway Address and so on. You can find those in the manual.

Step 5: After you input the necessary information, click the button Finish. You have just finished installing your wireless modem.

How to Install a Wireless Modem in a Desktop Computer

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Computer Network Routers, Hubs, and Switches

As computer networks are working well and we hope, is the most time, the inner workings of the system modules in a transparent way for the average user. The most common components in a computer network, including cable are not "routers", "hubs" and "switch". Many of these modules can be aesthetically similar. Each module typically has Ethernet ports (RJ45, which looks like a large telephone jack) and LED display. However, these forms of workdifferent and it is important to understand the differences.

Modern network hardware is working on the "Open System Interconnection" (OSI) standard. This standard defines how the communication should be implemented in a network. By adhering to this standard, the modules from different vendors to coexist on the same network. Wireless networks (WLAN) and 802.11 standards are an additional element of network systems.

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If a message sent betweencomputers, it is broken into parts. At the base level, the message is reduced to "1" and "0" bits. The next level is a group of bits called a "frame". A frame contains its control information, including target address and error detection. The next level is a group of frames called a "packet". The terms frame and packet are sometimes used interchangeably. If a message is sent on a complex network like the Internet, some of the packets may take a different path, and be recombined at the destination.

Error detection is used with both frames and packets. The most common routine is called "Cyclic Redundancy Check" (CRC). CRC sums of all the "1"s in the frame or packet. This number is stored as a hexadecimal value at the end of the frame/packet.   At the receiving end, the process is repeated. If the two hexadecimal values agree, the test passes. If not, the receiving device requests that the sending device resend. Most of this functionality is performed by integrated circuits (chips) inside the network modules.

The Hub

The network hub operates on the first layer of the OSI standard, called the "physical layer". The hub is the most simple of the three modules. A hub is not aware of the contents of the message that is processed; it handles the message as bits. It simply records the signal, and rebroadcast it to all, including back to the port that sent the message. An "active" hub will clean the electrical signal of noise and amplify the signal before rebroadcast. A "passive" hub does not amplify the received signal; it merely receives a signal, and rebroadcast the signal as received to each port. Hubs are sometimes used to link multiple computers with a printer.

The Network Switch

The network switch operates on the second layer of the OSI standard, called the "data link layer". The network switch, as indicated by its name, switches signal paths, so that a message frame goes to a specific destination. A switch will improve a networks performance, especially on networks with many computers. A switch has enough on-board intelligence to remember the path to each destination. The network switch handles a message in frames. 

When you connect a computer to a network switch, the switch will record the Media Access Control or "MAC" address of the computer's network interface card (NIC). This is called address protocol, or "ARP". When a frame is received intended for a specific computer, the switch sends the frame only to that computer. By preventing paths of the network from being utilized by every frame, network resources are conserved. Computer A can send a frame to computer B, while simultaneously, computer C is sending a frame to computer D.

The Network Router

The network router operates on the third layer of the OSI standard, called the "network layer". A router's name is also indicative of its role. Routers have some of the same capabilities as switches, but routers are most often used to connect two or more networks. For example, a router could be used to connect a wireless network with a conventional local area network (LAN). Another common use is to connect a LAN with the Internet (a "wide-area network", or "WAN"). In this role, the router uses "Network Address Translation" (NAT) so that all of the computers attached to the LAN can share a single IP address. A network router handles the message in packets. A router uses the IP addresses in the packets to route them between multiple networks.

A personal computer can be configured to handle the function of a router if it is equipped with router software and two or more network interface cards (NIC). A separate NIC is needed for each network.

A router is capable of advanced functions, including serving as DHCP (domain host control protocol) server and Firewall. A Firewall protects computers from potential hazards from the other computers outside the network. Linking multiple networks often requires the conversion of protocols. 

A router is an extremely diverse classification. Routers may provide connectivity inside offices, between different locations, and between businesses and the Internet. The largest routers connect Internet service providers, are used in very large business networks, or connect a business with a satellite link to a distant corporate locale. Advanced routers are powerful computers, complete with microprocessors. Very sophisticated routers are used by the Internet to manage the network traffic most efficiently. 

A router maintains a table called "routing information base" (RIB) that tracks information about the available routes. The RIB can be static (manually determined by a network administrator) or dynamic (continually updated based on changing conditions). A RIB is simple on a small LAN, but can be extremely complex in the very large routers used on the Internet.

Summary

There are more types of network modules than the three discussed here, and there can be significant overlap in roles. For example, an "intelligent hub" can have many of the characteristics of a network switch. Wireless networks (WAN) have much in common with their conventional LAN cousins, but additional protocol is added for the special security and interference concerns specific to wireless networks. Multiple roles may be combined into a single assembly. Network routers sometimes have subassemblies that function as network switches.  

Computer Network Routers, Hubs, and Switches

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